| ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Âèïóñê 72, 2022 - Ñòîð³íêè: 162-168
ÄÅßʲ ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÑÎÖ²ÀËÜÍÎ-ÏÎÁÓÒÎÂÈÕ ÓÌÎÂ, ÕÀÐ×ÓÂÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÑÒÀÍÓ ÇÄÎÐÎÂ’ß ÑÒÓÄÅÍҲ ÌÅÄÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÓͲÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒÓ
̳çþê Ì.².1, Ñóñëèê Ç.Á.1, Ìåëüíèê Â.².1, Ãðå÷óõ Ë.Ñ.1
1 ²ÂÀÍÎ-ÔÐÀÍʲÂÑÜÊÈÉ ÍÀÖ²ÎÍÀËÜÍÈÉ ÌÅÄÈ×ÍÈÉ ÓͲÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ
ÓÄÊ: 371.264+613.955
ÀÍÎÒÀÖ²ß:
Ìåòà. Âèâ÷åííÿ îñîáëèâîñòåé ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ, õàð÷óâàííÿ òà ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ ñòóäåíò³â âèùîãî ìåäè÷íîãî íàâ÷àëüíîãî çàêëàäó íà îñíîâ³ ñîö³îëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü.
Îá’ºêò ³ ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ïðîâåäåíî âèâ÷åííÿ ð³âíÿ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ, îñîáëèâîñòåé õàð÷óâàííÿ, ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ, îñîáèñòî¿ ã³ã³ºíè òà ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ øê³äëèâèõ çâè÷îê ó 404 ñòóäåíò³â 1-6 êóðñ³â ²âàíî-Ôðàíê³âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè àíîí³ìíîãî àíêåòóâàííÿ íà îñíîâ³ ñïåö³àëüíî ðîçðîáëåíîãî îïèòóâàëüíèêà.
Ðåçóëüòàòè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî âïëèâ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ ³ íàâ÷àííÿ íà ïñèõîô³ç³îëîã³÷íèé ñòàí ñòóäåíò³â â îñíîâíîìó çàëåæèòü â³ä òðèâàëîñò³ íàâ÷àííÿ (ð<0,05). гâåíü ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ ñòóäåíò³â ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó íå º îïòèìàëüíèì ç òî÷êè çîðó óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ (7,9% ñòóäåíò³â ïðîæèâàþòü â íåçàäîâ³ëüíèõ óìîâàõ) òà ìàòåð³àëüíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ (íèçüêà ñóìà ìàòåð³àëüíîãî äîõîäó íà ÷ëåíà ñ³ì’¿). Ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ óìîâè ïðîæèâàííÿ ³ íàâ÷àííÿ â îñíîâíîìó â³äïîâ³äàþòü âèìîãàì
Ó çíà÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè ñòóäåíò³â (30,6%) ÷àñòî âèíèêàþòü ñòðåñîâ³ ñèòóàö³¿, ñòóðáîâàí³ñòü ïîë³òè÷íîþ ñèòóàö³ºþ â êðà¿í³ (38,7% ñòóäåíò³â).
Ó 60,8% ñòóäåíò³â õàð÷óâàííÿ º íåðåãóëÿðíèì ³ íåçáàëàíñîâàíèì ç ïîðóøåííÿì ðåæèìó ³ òðèâàëîñò³ ïðèéîìó ¿æ³. Íå âæèâàþòü àáî âæèâàþòü ð³äøå ÿê 1 ðàç íà òèæäåíü ñâ³æ³ îâî÷³ – 36,7%, ñâ³æ³ ôðóêòè – 27,5%, ì’ÿñîïðîäóêòè – 22,5%, ðèáîïðîäóêòè – 76,0% ñòóäåíò³â. Íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî ðåã³îí Ïðèêàðïàòòÿ º åíäåì³÷íèì ùîäî éîäó, éîäîâàíó ñ³ëü ïîñò³éíî âæèâàþòü ò³ëüêè 60,2% ñòóäåíò³â. Òðåòÿ ÷àñòèíà ñòóäåíò³â â³ääຠïåðåâàãó «øâèäê³é ¿æ³».
Ó ñòóäåíòñüêîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ ïîøèðåí³ øê³äëèâ³ çâè÷êè: ðåãóëÿðíèì ïàë³ííÿì òþòþíó çàéìàþòüñÿ 10,2% îïèòàíèõ, àëêîãîëüí³ íàïî¿ âæèâàþòü 10,7% ñòóäåíò³â, åï³çîäè÷íî âæèâàþòü íàðêîòè÷í³ ðå÷îâèíè 2,2% ñòóäåíò³â.
 îðãàí³çì³ ñòóäåíò³â âíàñë³äîê çíà÷íîãî íàâ÷àëüíîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ âèíèêàþòü ïåâí³ çì³íè: ñòàí ñâîãî çäîðîâ’ÿ ó â³äñîòêàõ (â³ä 0 äî 100%) ñòóäåíòè îö³íþþòü ÿê âèùå ñåðåäíüîãî – 78,4%. Ó íèõ â³äì³÷àºòüñÿ çíà÷íèé ð³âåíü (27,5%) õðîí³÷íèõ çàõâîðþâàíü, ÿêèé ïðîãðåñèâíî çá³ëüøóºòüñÿ çà ïåð³îä íàâ÷àííÿ. Ïðè öüîìó â³äì³÷àºòüñÿ çíà÷íà âèðàæåí³ñòü îêðåìèõ ñèìïòîì³â çàõâîðþâàíü, ñåðåä ÿêèõ: ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, ïîã³ðøåííÿ ïàì’ÿò³, ïîðóøåííÿ ñíó, á³ëü â æèâîò³, âòîìëþâàí³ñòü òà ñëàáê³ñòü, íåðâîâå íàïðóæåííÿ, íåðâîçí³ñòü, çíèæåííÿ ãîñòðîòè çîðó òîùî.
Âèñíîâêè.  õîä³ ïðîâåäåíèõ äîñë³äæåíü âñòàíîâëåíî îñîáëèâîñò³ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ, õàð÷óâàííÿ òà ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ ñòóäåíò³â ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó.
Íåîáõ³äíèì º ïîäàëüøå äèíàì³÷íå ñïîñòåðåæåííÿ òà âèâ÷åííÿ ÿêîñò³ æèòòÿ ñòóäåíò³â â óìîâàõ ïåäàãîã³÷íèõ ³ííîâàö³é äëÿ ðîçðîáêè çàõîä³â ç ïîë³ïøåííÿ òà îïòèì³çàö³¿ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ òà íàâ÷àííÿ.
Îá’ºêò ³ ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ïðîâåäåíî âèâ÷åííÿ ð³âíÿ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ, îñîáëèâîñòåé õàð÷óâàííÿ, ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ, îñîáèñòî¿ ã³ã³ºíè òà ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ øê³äëèâèõ çâè÷îê ó 404 ñòóäåíò³â 1-6 êóðñ³â ²âàíî-Ôðàíê³âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè àíîí³ìíîãî àíêåòóâàííÿ íà îñíîâ³ ñïåö³àëüíî ðîçðîáëåíîãî îïèòóâàëüíèêà.
Ðåçóëüòàòè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî âïëèâ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ ³ íàâ÷àííÿ íà ïñèõîô³ç³îëîã³÷íèé ñòàí ñòóäåíò³â â îñíîâíîìó çàëåæèòü â³ä òðèâàëîñò³ íàâ÷àííÿ (ð<0,05). гâåíü ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ ñòóäåíò³â ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó íå º îïòèìàëüíèì ç òî÷êè çîðó óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ (7,9% ñòóäåíò³â ïðîæèâàþòü â íåçàäîâ³ëüíèõ óìîâàõ) òà ìàòåð³àëüíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ (íèçüêà ñóìà ìàòåð³àëüíîãî äîõîäó íà ÷ëåíà ñ³ì’¿). Ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ óìîâè ïðîæèâàííÿ ³ íàâ÷àííÿ â îñíîâíîìó â³äïîâ³äàþòü âèìîãàì
Ó çíà÷íî¿ ÷àñòèíè ñòóäåíò³â (30,6%) ÷àñòî âèíèêàþòü ñòðåñîâ³ ñèòóàö³¿, ñòóðáîâàí³ñòü ïîë³òè÷íîþ ñèòóàö³ºþ â êðà¿í³ (38,7% ñòóäåíò³â).
Ó 60,8% ñòóäåíò³â õàð÷óâàííÿ º íåðåãóëÿðíèì ³ íåçáàëàíñîâàíèì ç ïîðóøåííÿì ðåæèìó ³ òðèâàëîñò³ ïðèéîìó ¿æ³. Íå âæèâàþòü àáî âæèâàþòü ð³äøå ÿê 1 ðàç íà òèæäåíü ñâ³æ³ îâî÷³ – 36,7%, ñâ³æ³ ôðóêòè – 27,5%, ì’ÿñîïðîäóêòè – 22,5%, ðèáîïðîäóêòè – 76,0% ñòóäåíò³â. Íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî ðåã³îí Ïðèêàðïàòòÿ º åíäåì³÷íèì ùîäî éîäó, éîäîâàíó ñ³ëü ïîñò³éíî âæèâàþòü ò³ëüêè 60,2% ñòóäåíò³â. Òðåòÿ ÷àñòèíà ñòóäåíò³â â³ääຠïåðåâàãó «øâèäê³é ¿æ³».
Ó ñòóäåíòñüêîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ ïîøèðåí³ øê³äëèâ³ çâè÷êè: ðåãóëÿðíèì ïàë³ííÿì òþòþíó çàéìàþòüñÿ 10,2% îïèòàíèõ, àëêîãîëüí³ íàïî¿ âæèâàþòü 10,7% ñòóäåíò³â, åï³çîäè÷íî âæèâàþòü íàðêîòè÷í³ ðå÷îâèíè 2,2% ñòóäåíò³â.
 îðãàí³çì³ ñòóäåíò³â âíàñë³äîê çíà÷íîãî íàâ÷àëüíîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ âèíèêàþòü ïåâí³ çì³íè: ñòàí ñâîãî çäîðîâ’ÿ ó â³äñîòêàõ (â³ä 0 äî 100%) ñòóäåíòè îö³íþþòü ÿê âèùå ñåðåäíüîãî – 78,4%. Ó íèõ â³äì³÷àºòüñÿ çíà÷íèé ð³âåíü (27,5%) õðîí³÷íèõ çàõâîðþâàíü, ÿêèé ïðîãðåñèâíî çá³ëüøóºòüñÿ çà ïåð³îä íàâ÷àííÿ. Ïðè öüîìó â³äì³÷àºòüñÿ çíà÷íà âèðàæåí³ñòü îêðåìèõ ñèìïòîì³â çàõâîðþâàíü, ñåðåä ÿêèõ: ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, ïîã³ðøåííÿ ïàì’ÿò³, ïîðóøåííÿ ñíó, á³ëü â æèâîò³, âòîìëþâàí³ñòü òà ñëàáê³ñòü, íåðâîâå íàïðóæåííÿ, íåðâîçí³ñòü, çíèæåííÿ ãîñòðîòè çîðó òîùî.
Âèñíîâêè.  õîä³ ïðîâåäåíèõ äîñë³äæåíü âñòàíîâëåíî îñîáëèâîñò³ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ, õàð÷óâàííÿ òà ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ ñòóäåíò³â ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó.
Íåîáõ³äíèì º ïîäàëüøå äèíàì³÷íå ñïîñòåðåæåííÿ òà âèâ÷åííÿ ÿêîñò³ æèòòÿ ñòóäåíò³â â óìîâàõ ïåäàãîã³÷íèõ ³ííîâàö³é äëÿ ðîçðîáêè çàõîä³â ç ïîë³ïøåííÿ òà îïòèì³çàö³¿ óìîâ ïðîæèâàííÿ òà íàâ÷àííÿ.
ÊËÞ×β ÑËÎÂÀ:
Ñòóäåíòè ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó, õàð÷óâàííÿ, øê³äëèâ³ çâè÷êè, ñòàí çäîðîâ’ÿ.
˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ:
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2. Serheta IV, Aleksandrova OE. [Peculiarities of the development of the psychophysiological functions of the body of girls and boys under the conditions of using the program of psychophysiological influence on the body and psychohygienic correction of the processes of forming students' personality traits]. Hygiene of Populated Places. 2010;55:304-10. Ukrainian.
3. Polka NS, Lebedynets NV. [Physiological-hygienic assessment of physical and mental health of high school students of an innovative educational institution (semester-cycle-block system of teaching)]. Environment and Health. 2009;2:38-42. Ukrainian.
4. Serheta IV, Borovskyi BR. [Health-preserving technologies as a factor in increasing the effectiveness of career guidance activities and the formation of high professional suitability of pupils and students]. In: [Scientific and Practical Materials. Conference, September 10-11, 2009, Kyiv]. Kyiv; 2009:302-5. Ukrainian.
5. Serheta I.V, Aleksandrova OYe, Dunets IL, et al. [Hygienic assessment of housing and medical and social living conditions of modern studentts]. Hygiene of Populated Places. 2012;60:300-6. Ukrainian.
6. Agadzhanyan NA, Minnibaev TSh, Severin AE, et al. [Studying the lifestyle, health status and progress of students during the intensification of the educational process]. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2005;3:48-52. Russian.
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8. Polka NS, Hozak SV, Yatskovska NYa, et al. [The current state of scientific developments in the field of studying the influence of environmental factors on the formation of children's health]. Hygiene of Populated Places. 2008;52:325-9. Ukrainian.
ÄËß ÖÈÒÓÂÀÍÍß:
̳çþê Ì.²., Ñóñëèê Ç.Á., Ìåëüíèê Â.²., Ãðå÷óõ Ë.Ñ. Äåÿê³ îñîáëèâîñò³ ñîö³àëüíî-ïîáóòîâèõ óìîâ, õàð÷óâàííÿ òà ñòàíó çäîðîâ’ÿ ñòóäåíò³â ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Ê., 2022. Âèï. 72. Ñ. 162-168.