| ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Âèïóñê 72, 2022 - Ñòîð³íêè: 101-106
ÑÓ×ÀÑͲ ̲ÆÍÀÐÎÄͲ ÂÈÌÎÃÈ ÄÎ ÎÐÃÀͲÇÀÖ²¯ ÐÀIJÀÖ²ÉÍÎÃÎ ÇÀÕÈÑÒÓ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÍß Ó ÐÀDz ÐÀIJÀÖ²ÉÍί ÀÂÀв¯
Ïàâëåíêî Ò.Î.1, Ôðèçþê Ì.À.1, Ìèõàéëåíêî Î.Â.1
1 ÄÓ "²ÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ ÃÐÎÌÀÄÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÇÄÎÐÎÂ'ß ²Ì. Î.Ì. ÌÀÐǪªÂÀ ÍÀÌÍÓ"
ÓÄÊ: 351.78:613.648.4:546.79(.296):316.77
ÀÍÎÒÀÖ²ß:
Ñòàòòÿ ì³ñòèòü àíàë³òè÷íèé îãëÿä âèìîã ì³æíàðîäíèõ ñòàíäàðò³â ðàä³àö³éíî¿ áåçïåêè ñòîñîâíî ïîë³òèêè êðà¿í-÷ëåí³â ªÑ ùîäî àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ òà ï³äãîòîâêè äî ðàä³àö³éíèõ àâàð³é.
Ìåòà. Àíàë³ç ñó÷àñíèõ ì³æíàðîäíèõ âèìîã òà ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî îïðîì³íåííÿ íàñåëåííÿ â êîíòåêñò³ ðåàãóâàííÿ íà ðàä³àö³éíó àâàð³éíó ñèòóàö³þ.
Ðîçãëÿíóòî âèìîãè äî äåðæàâ ùîäî àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ òà ï³äãîòîâêè äî íàäçâè÷àéíèõ ñèòóàö³é. Âèçíà÷åíî îñíîâí³ ö³ë³ àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ äëÿ îðãàí³çàö³é, ÿê³ çàä³ÿí³ ó öèõ ðîáîòàõ. Âèçíà÷åíî îñíîâíèé ïåðåë³ê íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâèõ äîêóìåíò³â, ÿê³ ìàþòü áóòè ðîçðîáëåí³, òà ïðåäñòàâëåíà ³ºðàðõ³÷íà ñòðóêòóðà öèõ äîêóìåíò³â. Ïðèâåäåíî îñíîâí³ äîçîâ³ êðèòåð³¿, ÿê³ ïðè ãîñòðîìó îïðîì³íåíí³ âèìàãàþòü íåãàéíîãî âòðó÷àííÿ òà â³äïîâ³äíèõ çàõèñíèõ çàõîä³â.
Ïðîâåäåíî ïîïåðåäí³é àíàë³ç ³ñíóþ÷èõ â Óêðà¿í³ íîðìàòèâíèõ äîêóìåíò³â ç öüîãî ïèòàííÿ. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ä³þ÷à íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâà áàçà íå â³äïîâ³äຠñó÷àñíèì âèìîãàì ùîäî àâàð³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè òà ðåàãóâàííÿ, à ðåãëàìåíòè ùîäî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ ïðàêòè÷íî â³äñóòí³.
Âèçíà÷åíî ïåðøî÷åðãîâ³ çàâäàííÿ ùîäî ïðèâåäåííÿ ó â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü â³ò÷èçíÿíî¿ íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâî¿ áàçè äî âèìîã Äèðåêòèâ Ðàäè ªâðàòîì â êîíòåêñò³ ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿.
Âèñíîâêè. Íåîáõ³äíî ðåòåëüíî ïðîàíàë³çóâàòè ³ñíóþ÷³ ÍÏÄ ùîäî â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ âèìîãàì Äèðåêòèâ Ðàäè 2013/59/Euratom òà BSS òà ðîçðîáèòè íèçêó äîêóìåíò³â òðåòüîãî-÷åòâåðíîãî ð³âíÿ (ìåòîäèêè, ðåêîìåíäàö³¿, ³íñòðóêö³¿), ÿê³ ñòîñóþòüñÿ íàñåëåííÿ òà òåðèòîð³àëüíèõ ãðîìàä ùîäî àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ.
Ìåòà. Àíàë³ç ñó÷àñíèõ ì³æíàðîäíèõ âèìîã òà ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî îïðîì³íåííÿ íàñåëåííÿ â êîíòåêñò³ ðåàãóâàííÿ íà ðàä³àö³éíó àâàð³éíó ñèòóàö³þ.
Ðîçãëÿíóòî âèìîãè äî äåðæàâ ùîäî àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ òà ï³äãîòîâêè äî íàäçâè÷àéíèõ ñèòóàö³é. Âèçíà÷åíî îñíîâí³ ö³ë³ àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ äëÿ îðãàí³çàö³é, ÿê³ çàä³ÿí³ ó öèõ ðîáîòàõ. Âèçíà÷åíî îñíîâíèé ïåðåë³ê íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâèõ äîêóìåíò³â, ÿê³ ìàþòü áóòè ðîçðîáëåí³, òà ïðåäñòàâëåíà ³ºðàðõ³÷íà ñòðóêòóðà öèõ äîêóìåíò³â. Ïðèâåäåíî îñíîâí³ äîçîâ³ êðèòåð³¿, ÿê³ ïðè ãîñòðîìó îïðîì³íåíí³ âèìàãàþòü íåãàéíîãî âòðó÷àííÿ òà â³äïîâ³äíèõ çàõèñíèõ çàõîä³â.
Ïðîâåäåíî ïîïåðåäí³é àíàë³ç ³ñíóþ÷èõ â Óêðà¿í³ íîðìàòèâíèõ äîêóìåíò³â ç öüîãî ïèòàííÿ. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ä³þ÷à íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâà áàçà íå â³äïîâ³äຠñó÷àñíèì âèìîãàì ùîäî àâàð³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè òà ðåàãóâàííÿ, à ðåãëàìåíòè ùîäî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ ïðàêòè÷íî â³äñóòí³.
Âèçíà÷åíî ïåðøî÷åðãîâ³ çàâäàííÿ ùîäî ïðèâåäåííÿ ó â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü â³ò÷èçíÿíî¿ íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâî¿ áàçè äî âèìîã Äèðåêòèâ Ðàäè ªâðàòîì â êîíòåêñò³ ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿.
Âèñíîâêè. Íåîáõ³äíî ðåòåëüíî ïðîàíàë³çóâàòè ³ñíóþ÷³ ÍÏÄ ùîäî â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ âèìîãàì Äèðåêòèâ Ðàäè 2013/59/Euratom òà BSS òà ðîçðîáèòè íèçêó äîêóìåíò³â òðåòüîãî-÷åòâåðíîãî ð³âíÿ (ìåòîäèêè, ðåêîìåíäàö³¿, ³íñòðóêö³¿), ÿê³ ñòîñóþòüñÿ íàñåëåííÿ òà òåðèòîð³àëüíèõ ãðîìàä ùîäî àâàð³éíîãî ðåàãóâàííÿ.
ÊËÞ×β ÑËÎÂÀ:
Íîðìè ðàä³àö³éíî¿ áåçïåêè, ðàä³àö³éíèé çàõèñò, ðàä³àö³éíà àâàð³ÿ, àâàð³éíà ãîòîâí³ñòü òà ðåàãóâàííÿ.
˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ:
1. ICRP Publication 103. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Annals of the ICRP. 2007:37(2-4). 332 p.
2. [On the use of nuclear energy and radiation safety: Law of Ukraine dated 08.02.1995 No. 40/95-BP (No. 39/95-BP dated 08.02.95) (Revision dated 01.01.2022, basis - 1928-IX)]. Ukrainian. Available from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/39/95-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
3. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. General Safety Requirements. Vienna: IAEA; 2014. 436 ð.
4. Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 Laying Down Basic Safety Standards for Protection against the Dangers Arising from Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, and Repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom. Official Journal of the European Union. 2014;57:L13. 73 p.
5. Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency: General Safety Requirements. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7. Vienna: IAEA; 2015. 102 p.
6. [Radiation safety standards of Ukraine (NRBU-97): State hygienic standards. DGN 6.6.1.-6.5.001-98]. Kyiv; 1998. 135 p. Ukrainian.
ÄËß ÖÈÒÓÂÀÍÍß:
Ïàâëåíêî Ò.Î., Ôðèçþê Ì.À., Ìèõàéëåíêî Î.Â. Ñó÷àñí³ ì³æíàðîäí³ âèìîãè äî îðãàí³çàö³¿ ðàä³àö³éíîãî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ ó ðàç³ ðàä³àö³éíî¿ àâàð³¿. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Ê., 2022. Âèï. 72. Ñ. 101-106.