Ïèòàííÿ áåçïåêè îñâ³òíüîãî ïðîöåñó ó çàêëàäàõ îñâ³òè, äå ä³òè ïåðåáóâàþòü â³ääàëåíî â³ä áàòüê³â, ïîòðåáóþòü îñîáëèâîãî çàõèñòó â óìîâàõ âîºííîãî ñòàíó. Âèâ÷åííÿ íîðìàòèâíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â, ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ âèìîã äî ïðèì³ùåíü íàéïðîñò³øîãî óêðèòòÿ ó ³ñíóþ÷èõ äîøê³ëüíèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ òà òèõ, ùî áóäóâàòèìóòüñÿ â óìîâàõ Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ïðîãðàìè â³äáóäîâè Óêðà¿íè, îáóìîâèëî àêòóàëüí³ñòü íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ.
Ìåòà ðîáîòè – âèâ÷åííÿ íîðìàòèâíèõ òà ôàêòè÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â, ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ óìîâ ïðèì³ùåíü íàéïðîñò³øîãî óêðèòòÿ ó ³ñíóþ÷èõ äîøê³ëüíèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ òà ðîçðîáêà ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ âèìîã äî òèõ, ùî áóäóâàòèìóòüñÿ â óìîâàõ Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ïðîãðàìè â³äáóäîâè Óêðà¿íè.
Îá'ºêòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ áóëè ³ñíóþ÷³ òà çàïðîºêòîâàí³ äîøê³ëüí³ íàâ÷àëüí³ çàêëàäè, íîðìàòèâí³ äîêóìåíòè ñàí³òàðíîãî òà ì³ñòîáóä³âíîãî çàêîíîäàâñòâà Óêðà¿íè òà äåÿêèõ êðà¿í ñâ³òó â ñôåð³ ïðîåêòóâàííÿ íàéïðîñò³øîãî óêðèòòÿ â íèõ.
Äëÿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïîñòàâëåíèõ ó ðîáîò³ ìåòè âèêîðèñòîâóâàëè êîìïëåêñ çàãàëüíîíàóêîâèõ ³ ñïåö³àëüíèõ ìåòîä³â äîñë³äæåííÿ: á³áë³îñåìàíòè÷íèé; òåîðåòè÷íèé, àíàë³òè÷íèé.
Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåíü òà ¿õ îáãîâîðåííÿ. Ó õîä³ äîñë³äæåíü ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ñòàí çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè ÄÍÇ çà ïåð³îä íåçàëåæíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè. Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè çâ³òó êîì³ñ³é ùîäî òåõí³÷íîãî îáñòåæåííÿ óêðèòò³â ÄÍÇ, ïðîâåäåíèõ â ïîðÿäêó, âèçíà÷åíîìó Êàá³íåòîì ̳í³ñòð³â Óêðà¿íè, âèÿâëåíî íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåí³ íåäîë³êè â îáëàøòóâàíí³ óêðèòò³â. Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè âèâ÷åííÿ íîðìàòèâíèõ òà ôàêòè÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â, ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ óìîâ ïðèì³ùåíü íàéïðîñò³øîãî óêðèòòÿ ó ³ñíóþ÷èõ äîøê³ëüíèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ, à òàêîæ «Ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî îðãàí³çàö³¿ óêðèòòÿ â îá’ºêòàõ ôîíäó çàõèñíèõ ñïîðóä öèâ³ëüíîãî çàõèñòó ïåðñîíàëó òà ä³òåé (ó÷í³â, ñòóäåíò³â) çàêëàä³â îñâ³òè» ðîçðîáëåíî îñíîâí³ âèìîãè äî óêðèòò³â ó ÄÍÇ.
Çà âèâ÷åíèì äîñâ³äîì ²çðà¿ëþ çã³äíî ç Çàêîíîì ²çðà¿ëþ «Ïðî öèâ³ëüíó îáîðîíó» (³ç ïîïðàâêàìè) ïðîïîíóºòüñÿ çàõèñí³ ñõîâèùà áóäóâàòè ó âñ³õ ÄÍÇ ó ï³äçåìíîìó ïðîñòîð³ ï³ä êîæíèì îñíîâíèì ïðèì³ùåííÿì îñåðåäêó ³ç ç’ºäíàííÿì ç íèì ïî ïðèíöèïó äèòÿ÷î¿ ã³ðêè, ç ìåòîþ íàéøâèäøîãî ïîòðàïëÿííÿ â íèõ ï³ä ÷àñ îãîëîøåííÿ ïîâ³òðÿíî¿ òðèâîãè.
Âèñíîâêè.
1. Âíàñë³äîê îáñòàâèí, çóìîâëåíèõ íàñë³äêàìè òðèâàþ÷î¿ øèðîêîìàñøòàáíî¿ çáðîéíî¿ àãðåñ³¿ ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ôåäåðàö³¿ ïðîòè Óêðà¿íè, òà ç ìåòîþ ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ áåçïåêè ä³òåé, ¿õ áàòüê³â, âèõîâàòåë³â òà ïåðñîíàëó â óìîâàõ âîºííîãî ñòàíó, îá´ðóíòîâàíî ïðè áóä³âíèöòâ³ òà/àáî â³äíîâëåíí³ ÄÍÇ âëàøòóâàííÿ ó ï³äâàëüíèõ (öîêîëüíèõ) ïîâåðõàõ, çàõèñíèõ ñïîðóä öèâ³ëüíîãî çàõèñòó, ùî â³äïîâ³äàòèìóòü îñíîâíèì ïîëîæåííÿì íîâ³òíüî¿ íîðìàòèâíî¿ áàçè ñàí³òàðíîãî òà ì³ñòîáóä³âíîãî çàêîíîäàâñòâà Óêðà¿íè òà âðàõîâóâàòèìóòü çàêîðäîííèé äîñâ³ä âîþþ÷èõ êðà¿í.
2. Ó ïîñòðàæäàëèõ çîíàõ êðà¿íè çàì³ñòü çðóéíîâàíèõ ÄÍÇ ïðîïîíóºòüñÿ áóäóâàòè òèì÷àñîâ³ ìîäóëüí³ çàêëàäè äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ïîòðåá íàñåëåííÿ òà ðîçâàíòàæåííÿ ³ñíóþ÷èõ çàêëàä³â.
3. Ó ÄÍÇ, äå â³äñóòí³ àáî íåäîñòàòí³ çà ïëîùåþ óêðèòòÿ, íåîáõ³äíî îáëàøòîâóâàòè ïðèëåãë³ äî íèõ âóëè÷í³ óêðèòòÿ ð³çíî¿ ôîðìè òà ì³ñòêîñò³ â³ä 2 äî 20 îñ³á.

Äèòÿ÷³ íàâ÷àëüí³ çàêëàäè, ñïîðóäè öèâ³ëüíîãî çàõèñòó, íîðìàòèâíà áàçà ñàí³òàðíîãî òà ì³ñòîáóä³âíîãî çàêîíîäàâñòâà, ì³æíàðîäíèé äîñâ³ä, çäîðîâ’ÿçáåð³ãàþ÷à ñêëàäîâà, âîºííèé ñòàí.

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2. Volynets EI, Volynets YuA, Stadnik NV. [Theoretical foundations of the continuity of preschool and primary education as a problem of modern education]. [Electronic scientific publication “Public education”]. 2020;2(41):5709. Ukrainian. Available from: https://www.narodnaosvita.kiev.ua/?page_id=5709

3. [Recommendation 2006/962/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) “On core competences for lifelong learning” of December 18, 2006]. Ukrainian. Available from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_975?find=1&text=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0#Text

4. Assefa Y, Tilwani SA, Moges BT, Shah MA. The impact of armed violence on students' educational attainment and the role of parents in resilience schooling and the education process. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;15:302-5.

5. Agbor MN, Etta MA. Effects of armed conflicts on teaching and learning: perspectives of secondary school teachers in Cameroon. J. Educ. 2022;86:164-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i86a09

6. [Recommendations of the State Emergency Service regarding the organization of shelter in the objects of the fund of protective structures of civil protection of personnel and children (pupils, students) of educational institutions]. Ukrainian. Available from: https://dsns.gov.ua/upload/6/1/7/3/8/8/V664V79YQEyPpn5fJXZ5mInpYzp56m7ARpM1nAWJ.pdf

Ìàõíþê Â.Ì., Ïàâëåíêî Í.Ï., Ìîãèëüíèé Ñ.Ì., Ìàõíþê Â.Â. Íàéïðîñò³øå óêðèòòÿ – ñó÷àñíà çäîðîâ’ÿçáåð³ãàþ÷à ñêëàäîâà äèòÿ÷èõ äîøê³ëüíèõ çàêëàä³â â óìîâàõ â³éíè. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Ê., 2023. Âèï. 73. Ñ. 9-16.