ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Âèïóñê 72, 2022 - Ñòîð³íêè: 107-116
òòªÍ²×ÍÀ ÎÖ²ÍÊÀ ßÊÎÑÒ² ÕÀÐ×ÎÂÈÕ ÏÐÎÄÓÊҲ ÇÀ Â̲ÑÒÎÌ ÅÑÅÍÖ²ÀËÜÍÈÕ ÒÀ ÒÎÊÑÈ×ÍÈÕ Ì²ÊÐÎÅËÅÌÅÍÒ²Â
Îíóë Í.Ì.1, Á³ëåöüêà Å.Ì.1, Âàëü÷óê Ñ.².2, Þíòóíåí Ã.Ì.3, Ïîõìóðêî ².Â.2, Áºëüñüêà Ò.Ì.2
1 ÄͲÏÐÎÂÑÜÊÈÉ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÌÅÄÈ×ÍÈÉ ÓͲÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ
2 ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÀ ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÀ «ÄͲÏÐÎÏÅÒÐÎÂÑÜÊÈÉ ÎÁËÀÑÍÈÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÞ ÒÀ ÏÐÎÔ²ËÀÊÒÈÊÈ ÕÂÎÐÎÁ ̲ͲÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÀ ÎÕÎÐÎÍÈ ÇÄÎÐÎÂ’ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ»
3 ÊÎÌÓÍÀËÜÍŠϲÄÏÐȪÌÑÒÂÎ «ÄͲÏÐÎÏÅÒÐÎÂÑÜÊÀ ÎÁËÀÑÍÀ ÑÒÀÍÖ²ß ÏÅÐÅËÈÂÀÍÍß ÊÐβ»
ÓÄÊ: 613.26/.29:577.118:612.04.46
ÀÍÎÒÀÖ²ß:
Ìåòà. ó㳺í³÷íèé àíàë³ç òîêñèêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè òà ì³êðîåëåìåíòíî¿ ïîâíîö³ííîñò³ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ â äèíàì³ö³ ÷àñó.
Îá’ºêò ³ ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ïðîâåäåíî âèçíà÷åííÿ âì³ñòó âàæêèõ ìåòàë³â: ðòóò³, ìèø’ÿêó, ñâèíöþ, êàäì³þ, ì³ä³ òà öèíêó ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷íèõ ìåòîä³â äîñë³äæåííÿ â îñíîâíèõ ãðóïàõ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ òà ¿õ àíàë³ç çà ïåð³îä 2017-2021 ðð.
Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåííÿ òà ¿õ îáãîâîðåííÿ. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ðåã³îíàëüí³ õàð÷îâ³ ïðîäóêòè ïðîìèñëîâî çàáðóäíåíî¿ Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ ì³ñòÿòü òàê³ òîêñè÷í³ ìåòàëè, ÿê ñâèíåöü, êàäì³é, ðòóòü, ìèø'ÿê ó êîíöåíòðàö³ÿõ, ñåðåäí³ âåëè÷èíè ÿêèõ â³äïîâ³äàþòü â³ò÷èçíÿíèì ³ ì³æíàðîäíèì ñòàíäàðòàì ³ çäåá³ëüø òîòîæí³ àíàëîã³÷íèì äàíèì ³íøèõ ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè òà ñâ³òó. Îäíàê ìàêñèìàëüí³ çíà÷åííÿ âì³ñòó ñâèíöþ â îêðåìèõ ãðóïàõ ïðîäóêò³â õàð÷óâàííÿ ïåðåâèùóâàëè ÷èíí³ íîðìàòèâè. Âì³ñò ³íøèõ êñåíîá³îòèê³â - ðòóò³ òà ìèø’ÿêó âèçíà÷àâñÿ íà ð³âí³, ùî íèæ÷å ÷óòëèâîñò³ ìåòîä³â âèçíà÷åííÿ. Ùîäî åñåíö³àëüíèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â, òî âì³ñò öèíêó ó õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêòàõ ðåã³îíó â³äïîâ³äຠá³îëîã³÷íîìó ð³âíþ àáî çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà íèæí³é éîãî ìåæ³, ó òîé ÷àñ ÿê ñåðåäí³ çíà÷åííÿ ì³ä³ êîëèâàëèñü â³ä ð³âí³â, ùî çíàõîäÿòüñÿ íà íèæí³é ìåæ³ á³îëîã³÷íèõ çíà÷åíü äî çíèæåíîãî ó 2-2,5 ðàçè ¿¿ âì³ñòó. Âðàõîâóþ÷è, ùî êîíöåíòðàö³¿ âèùåîçíà÷åíèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â ïðè êóë³íàðí³é îáðîáö³ ïðîäóêò³â çíèæóþòüñÿ íà 26-42%, ìîæíà ïðîãíîçóâàòè á³ëüø âèðàæåíèé ¿õ äåô³öèò ó õàð÷óâàíí³ íàñåëåííÿ ðåã³îíó, îñîáëèâî ì³ä³. Ó äèíàì³ö³ 2017-2021 ðð. êîíöåíòðàö³¿ åñåíö³àëüíèõ òà òîêñè÷íèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â õàðàêòåðèçóþòüñÿ â³äíîñíîþ ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ ó çåðí³ òà çåðíîáîáîâèõ ïðîäóêòàõ, ìîëîö³ òà ìîëî÷íèõ ïðîäóêòàõ, çà âèíÿòêîì çíèæåííÿ ó 1,5 ðàç³â (p<0,05) âì³ñòó öèíêó, ïðè ïîñòóïîâîìó çðîñòàíí³ êîíöåíòðàö³é ñâèíöþ òà êàäì³þ ó ì’ÿñ³ òà ì’ÿñíèõ ïðîäóêòàõ, îâî÷àõ, ôðóêòàõ òà ÿãîäàõ ó 1,2-1,7 ðàç³â (p<0,05 – p<0,01). Ó òîé æå ÷àñ ïîð³âíÿííÿ ðåçóëüòàò³â äîñë³äæåííÿ 2017-2021 ðð. ç ïîïåðåäí³ì 10-ð³÷íèì ïåð³îäîì äîçâîëèëè âèÿâèòè äîñòîâ³ðíå çðîñòàííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³é ñâèíöþ çà ñåðåäí³ìè çíà÷åííÿìè ó 1,5-2,8 ðàç³â â óñ³õ ãðóïàõ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â, êàäì³þ – ó 1,7 ðàç³â ó ì’ÿñíèõ ïðîäóêòàõ òà ð³çíîñïðÿìîâàíó äèíàì³êó êîíöåíòðàö³é åñåíö³àëüíèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â.
Âèñíîâêè. Ðåçóëüòàòè ä³éñíèõ äîñë³äæåíü ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî àêòóàëüí³ñòü ïðîáëåìè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ÿêîñò³ òà áåçïå÷íîñò³ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â, íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïîäàëüøîãî óäîñêîíàëåííÿ çàêîíîäàâñòâà ó ñôåð³ âèðîáíèöòâà òà ðåàë³çàö³¿ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â, éîãî ãàðìîí³çàö³¿ ç ì³æíàðîäíèì, âïðîâàäæåííÿ çàõîä³â ùîäî ïîêðàùåííÿ ÿêîñò³ òà áåçïå÷íîñò³ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â é óäîñêîíàëåííÿ ìåòîä³â ¿õ êîíòðîëþ íà óñ³õ ð³âíÿõ. Îòðèìàí³ íàìè äàí³ òà ¿õ àíàë³ç îá´ðóíòîâóþòü äîö³ëüí³ñòü ïîäàëüøîãî ñèñòåìàòè÷íîãî êîíòðîëþ ³ ã³ã³ºí³÷íî¿ îö³íêè êîíòàì³íîâàíîñò³ ³ ì³êðîåëåìåíòíî¿ àäåêâàòíîñò³ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â ïðîìèñëîâèõ òåðèòîð³é, ¿õ âïëèâó íà îðãàí³çì øëÿõîì ðîçðîáêè ³ âïðîâàäæåííÿ ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â çàäëÿ çáåðåæåííÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ.
ÊËÞ×β ÑËÎÂÀ:
Âàæê³ ìåòàëè, ïðîäóêòè õàð÷óâàííÿ, ì³êðîåëåìåíòè, âì³ñò, çàáðóäíåííÿ.
˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ:
1. Shcherbakova NS, Maksymova YuYu. [The influence of toxic elements on organoleptic indicators of milk]. [Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy]. 2019;4:153-8. Ukrainian.
2. Krychkovska LV, Bielinska AP, Ananieva VV, et al. [Food safety: anti-alimentary factors, xenobiotics, food additives: a study guide]. Kharkiv: NTU «KhPI»; 2017. 98 ð. Ukrainian.
3. Mazur VA, Tkachuk OP, Yakovets LA. [Environmental safety of grain and leguminous products]. Vinnytsia: VNAU; 2020. 442 ð. Ukrainian.
4. Biletska EM, Onul NM. [Ecological and hygienic assessment of the anthropogenic load of the environment as a risk factor for the health of the population of the Dnieper region]. Dnipropetrovsk: Accent; 2016. 140 ð. Ukrainian.
5. Shevchuk VD, Mudrak HV, Franchuk MO. [Ecological assessment of the intensity of soil pollution by heavy metals]. Colloquium-journal. Agricultural Sciences. 2021;10(97):40-6. Ukrainian.
6. Kupchyk OYu. [Determination of the correlation between the content of heavy metals in plant products and soil during environmental monitoring]. Scientific and Technical Journal. 2016;13(1):85-91. Ukrainian.
7. Kumar S, Islam R, Akash PB, et al. Lead contamination in agricultural products and human health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2022:233-57. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05711-9
8. Wei J, Cen K. Assessment of human health risk based on characteristics of potential toxic elements (PTEs) contents in foods sold in Beijing. China. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2020;703:134747. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134747
9. Liubarska LS, Hulich MP. [Calculation of the content of zinc and copper in the diet based on the determined actual content of them in food products]. Hygiene of Populated Places. 2014;63:233-9. Ukrainian.
10. Winiarska-Mieczan A, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska E, Kwiecień M, et al. Dietary intake and content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in selected cereal products marketed in Poland. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;187(2):568-78. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1384-0
11. Sujka M, Pankiewicz U, Kowalski R, et al. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland. Open Chemistry. 2019;17(1). doi:
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0072
12. Norouzirad R, González-Montaña J-R, Martínez-Pastor F, et al. Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries. Science of the Total Environment. 2018;635:308-14. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.138
13. Molina DAR, Vargas JHL, Gutierrez JAB, et al. Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization. Veterinary and Animal Science. 2021;13:100192. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100192
14. [State sanitary rules and norms «Maximum permissible levels of certain pollutants in food products», approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from 13.05.2013 N 368 with changes from 22.05.2020]. Ukrainian.
15. FAO, WHO. General standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed (CXS 193-1995). Switzerland; 2019.
16. [Balances and consumption of basic food products by the population of Ukraine: statistical collection]. Edited by O. Prokopenko. Kyiv; 2021. 59 ð. Ukrainian.
17. Abedi A, Zabihzadeh M, Hosseini H, et al. Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Zinc contents in the meat products supplied in Tehran. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2018;13(3):93-102.
ÄËß ÖÈÒÓÂÀÍÍß:
Îíóë Í.Ì., Á³ëåöüêà Å.Ì., Âàëü÷óê Ñ.²., Þíòóíåí Ã.Ì., Ïîõìóðêî ².Â., Áºëüñüêà Ò.Ì. ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà ÿêîñò³ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â çà âì³ñòîì åñåíö³àëüíèõ òà òîêñè÷íèõ ì³êðîåëåìåíò³â. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Ê., 2022. Âèï. 72. Ñ. 107-116.