Ìåòà. Äîñë³äèòè äèíàì³êó êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ é àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè ó ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³ á³ëèõ ùóð³â çà óìîâ òðèâàëî¿ ä³¿ ñâèíöþ ³ êàäì³þ ç óðàõóâàííÿì ³íäèâ³äóàëüíîãî ð³âíÿ ñïîíòàííî¿ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³.
Îá’ºêò ³ ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Åêñïåðèìåíòàëüí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ïðîâîäèëèñÿ íà á³ëèõ ùóðàõ-ñàìöÿõ ìàñîþ ò³ëà 170-200 ã. Ïðîâåäåíî äâ³ ñå𳿠äîñë³ä³â. Ó ïåðø³é ñå𳿠ãðóï³ òâàðèí ùîäåííî óïðîäîâæ 30 äí³â ó øëóíîê íàòùå óâîäèëè âîäí³ ðîç÷èíè Pb(NO3)2 (äîçà 36 ìã/êã ìàñè ò³ëà), êîíòðîëüí³é ãðóï³ – ïèòíó âîäó. Ó äðóã³é ñå𳿠âèâ÷àëè ä³þ êàäì³þ. Ó öüîìó ðàç³ óðàõîâóâàëè ñïîíòàííó ðóõîâó àêòèâí³ñòü á³ëèõ ùóð³â çà ãîðèçîíòàëüíîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ ï³ä ÷àñ ïðîâåäåííÿ òåñòó «â³äêðèòå ïîëå» óïðîäîâæ 5 õâèëèí. Òâàðèí ðîçïîä³ëèëè íà ãðóïè ç âèñîêèì (àêòèâí³) ³ íèçüêèì (ïàñèâí³) ð³âíåì ñïîíòàííî¿ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Äîñë³äí³é ãðóï³ àêòèâíèõ ³ ïàñèâíèõ òâàðèí ó øëóíîê ùîäåííî óâîäèëè âîäíèé ðîç÷èí CdSO4 óïðîäîâæ 30 äí³â (äîçà 10 ìã/êã ìàñè ò³ëà), êîíòðîëüí³é ãðóï³ - ïèòíó âîäó. Ó ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³ êîëîðèìåòðè÷íèì ìåòîäîì âèçíà÷àëè êîíöåíòðàö³þ êàëüö³þ òà àêòèâí³ñòü ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè íà 3, 15 ³ 30 äîáó äîñë³ä³â (óâåäåííÿ ñâèíöþ) ³ íà 3, 5, 10 ³ 30 äîáè (óâåäåííÿ êàäì³þ). Îòðèìàí³ ðåçóëüòàòè îïðàöüîâóâàëè ìåòîäîì íàéìåíøèõ êâàäðàò³â ç âèçíà÷åííÿì ñòóïåíÿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ çà t-êðèòåð³ºì Ñòüþäåíòà.
Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåííÿ òà ¿õ îáãîâîðåííÿ. Âèÿâëåíî, ùî óïðîäîâæ äîñë³äó çà óìîâ âïëèâó ñâèíöþ êîíöåíòðàö³ÿ êàëüö³þ â ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³ â³ðîã³äíî çìåíøèëàñÿ íà 15 äîáó äîñë³äó íà 23,3%, íàïðèê³íö³ äîñë³äó – íà 19,5% ïðîòè êîíòðîëþ, àêòèâí³ñòü ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè â³ðîã³äíî çðîñòàëà â³ä 3 äîáè óïðîäîâæ òðèâàëîñò³ óñüîãî äîñë³äó ç ìàêñèìàëüíèì ï³äâèùåííÿì äî 70% ïðîòè êîíòðîëþ íà 15 äîáó.
Óâåäåííÿ êàäì³þ ñïðè÷èíèëî çðîñòàííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ íà 5 äîáó äîñë³äó ïðàêòè÷íî îäíàêîâî â àêòèâíèõ (15,9%) ³ ïàñèâíèõ (14,8%) òâàðèí ç îäíî÷àñíèì ï³äâèùåííÿì àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè íà 9% ó ïàñèâíèõ ³ íà 13,7% â àêòèâíèõ òâàðèí ïðîòè êîíòðîëþ. Íà 10 äîáó äîñë³äó çàðåºñòðîâàíî çíèæåííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ â îáîõ äîñë³äíèõ ãðóïàõ ïðîòè êîíòðîëþ, á³ëüøîþ ì³ðîþ ó ïàñèâíèõ òâàðèí, íà ôîí³ ï³äâèùåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè ó ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³ àêòèâíèõ òâàðèí íà 16% òà çíèæåííÿì àêòèâíîñò³ ôåðìåíòó íà 22% ó ïàñèâíèõ. Íàïðèê³íö³ äîñë³äó êîíöåíòðàö³ÿ êàëüö³þ çíèçèëàñÿ â àêòèâíèõ òâàðèí íà 28%, ó ïàñèâíèõ – íà 38%, â îáîõ ãðóïàõ ñïîñòåð³ãàëîñÿ çíèæåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ôåðìåíòó: ó òâàðèí ç âèùîþ ñïîíòàííîþ ðóõîâîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ íà 40%, ó òâàðèí ç íèçüêîþ ñïîíòàííîþ ðóõîâîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ íà 33% ïðîòè êîíòðîëþ. Ñâèíåöü ³ êàäì³é â îðãàí³çì³ êîíêóðóþòü ç êàëüö³ºì, ïðèçâîäÿòü äî çíèæåííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ ó ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³. Çíèæåííÿ íàïðèê³íö³ äîñë³ä³â àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè íà ôîí³ ã³ïîêàëüö³ºì³¿ ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî ïåðåâàæàííÿ ïðîöåñ³â ðåçîðáö³¿ ê³ñòêîâî¿ òêàíèíè ³ ìîæëèâîãî âèíèêíåííÿ ïðîöåñ³â îñòåîïîðîçó. Íà ïðèêëàä³ âèâ÷åííÿ âïëèâó êàäì³þ ç'ÿñîâàíî, ùî çì³íè êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ òà àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè ó êðîâ³ á³ëèõ ùóð³â çàëåæàòü â³ä ³íäèâ³äóàëüíîãî ð³âíÿ ñïîíòàííî¿ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Á³ë³ ùóðè-ñàìö³ ç íèçüêîþ ñïîíòàííîþ ðóõîâîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ ÷óòëèâ³ø³ äî óìîâ âïëèâó êàäì³þ.
Âèñíîâêè.  åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíèõ äîñë³äæåííÿõ óñòàíîâëåíî çíèæåííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ êàëüö³þ, ð³çíîñïðÿìîâàí³ ³ õâèëåïîä³áí³ çì³íè àêòèâíîñò³ ëóæíî¿ ôîñôàòàçè ó ñèðîâàòö³ êðîâ³ á³ëèõ ùóð³â çà óìîâ óâåäåííÿ ñâèíöþ ³ êàäì³þ. ²íòåíñèâí³ñòü òà äèíàì³êà çðóøåíü äîñë³äæóâàíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â çàëåæàòü â³ä ³íäèâ³äóàëüíîãî ð³âíÿ ñïîíòàííî¿ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Ó ãðóï³ ïàñèâíèõ òâàðèí êàäì³é ìîæå øâèäøå ïðèçâîäèòè äî ðîçâèòêó îñòåîïîðîçó, â àêòèâíèõ òâàðèí ÿâèùà îñòåîïîðîçó ìîæóòü âèÿâèòèñÿ ï³çí³øå. Ìåõàí³çìè ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ òà äèíàì³êè çðóøåíü äîñë³äæóâàíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ó òâàðèí ç àêòèâíèì ³ ïàñèâíèì òèïîì ïîâåä³íêè çà óìîâ 䳿 ñâèíöþ ³ êàäì³þ ïîòðåáóþòü âèâ÷åííÿ íà ð³âí³ ñï³ââ³äíîøåíü ì³æ àêòèâí³ñòþ ñåðîòîí³í-íîðàäðåíàë³í ³ äîôàì³íåðã³÷íèìè ñèñòåìàìè ãîëîâíîãî ìîçêó.

Ñâèíåöü, êàäì³é, ñèðîâàòêà êðîâ³, êàëüö³é, ëóæíà ôîñôàòàçà, àêòèâí³, ïàñèâí³ á³ë³ ùóðè.

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