Ìåòà. Íàóêîâå îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ êðèòåð³¿â áåçïå÷íîãî äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ íàñåëåííÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ äîáðèâ ïðè â³äíîâëåíí³ ´ðóíò³â ç âïðîâàäæåííÿì ºâðîïåéñüêèõ âèìîã ÿêîñò³ îðãàí³÷íèõ ìàòåð³àë³â íà âèêîíàííÿ ð³øåííÿ Ðàäè íàö³îíàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè ³ îáîðîíè Óêðà¿íè «Ïðî çàõîäè ùîäî ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ õ³ì³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè íà òåðèòî𳿠Óêðà¿íè» (ï. 2.3.), ââåäåíî â ä³þ Óêàçîì Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè â³ä 19.03.2021 ð. ¹104/2021.
Îá’ºêòè òà ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Îá’ºêòàìè äîñë³äæåííÿ º ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷í³ òà ñàí³òàðíî-òîêñèêîëîã³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè äîáðèâ (ïðîòîêîëè âëàñíèõ äîñë³äæåíü ìèíóëèõ ðîê³â), óìîâè ¿õ âèêîðèñòàííÿ çà õàðàêòåðîì 䳿 çà äàíèìè íîðìàòèâíî-òåõí³÷íî¿ äîêóìåíòàö³¿, ïîãîäæåíîþ ó ïîïåðåäí³ ðîêè. Ðîáîòà âèêîíàíà ìåòîäîì ã³ã³ºí³÷íîãî àíàë³çó íàÿâíèõ äàíèõ òà ïîð³âíÿëüíî¿ ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íî¿ îö³íêè îñîáëèâîñòåé âïëèâó íà ´ðóíò ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì àíàë³çó ë³òåðàòóðíèõ äàíèõ.  äîñë³äæåíí³ âèêîðèñòàí³ äàí³ âëàñíèõ ëàáîðàòîðíèõ ³íñòðóìåíòàëüíèõ äîñë³äæåíü, âèêîíàí³ çã³äíî çàòâåðäæåíèõ ìåòîäèê íà ïîâ³ðåíîìó îáëàäíàíí³.
Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåííÿ òà ¿õ îáãîâîðåííÿ. Íàðàç³ ðåêóëüòèâàö³éí³ çàõîäè ç â³äíîâëåííÿ ñòàíó ³ ðîäþ÷îñò³ ´ðóíòó âêðàé âàæëèâ³, º çàïîðóêîþ ³ îäí³ºþ ç íàéãîëîâí³øèõ ñêëàäîâèõ ïðîäîâîëü÷î¿ áåçïåêè êðà¿íè. ʳëüê³ñòü äîñòóïíèõ äëÿ ðîñëèí ïîæèâíèõ ðå÷îâèí ó ´ðóíò³ ïîñò³éíî çíèæóºòüñÿ ³ òîìó îñíîâíèì çàõîäîì ï³äâèùåííÿ âðîæàéíîñò³ ó ñ³ëüñüêîìó ãîñïîäàðñòâ³ º âíåñåííÿ ð³çíèõ âèä³â äîáðèâ: ì³íåðàëüíèõ, îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíèõ, îðãàí³÷íèõ òà êîìïëåêñíèõ. Äîáðèâàì íàëåæèòü îñíîâíà ôóíêö³ÿ ñòâîðåííÿ â ´ðóíò³ îïòèìàëüíèõ ãàðìîí³éíèõ ñï³ââ³äíîøåíü ì³æ åëåìåíòàìè æèâëåííÿ. Äîñë³äæåííÿì íà ï³äñòàâ³ àíàë³çó ïîêàçíèê³â îñíîâíèõ ì³íåðàëüíèõ (ñèíòåòè÷íèõ) ³ îðãàí³÷íèõ ãðóï äîáðèâ áóëè âñòàíîâëåí³ îçíàêè ¿õ âïëèâó íà ñòàí (ñòðóêòóðà, ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³, ðîäþ÷³ñòü) ´ðóíòó. Ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ì³íäîáðèâ (àçîòíèõ, ôîñôîðíèõ, êàë³éíèõ) çíà÷íî ï³äâèùóºòüñÿ âðîæàéí³ñòü êóëüòóðíèõ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ ðîñëèí, àëå ð³çêî çá³ëüøóºòüñÿ ðóõîì³ñòü åëåìåíò³â æèâëåííÿ é îáì³ííèõ ôîðì êàëüö³þ òà ìàãí³þ â ´ðóíòàõ, ùî ïîðóøóº ´ðóíòîâ³ ïðîöåñè, çîêðåìà ï³äâèùóºòüñÿ êèñëîòí³ñòü, ïîã³ðøóþòüñÿ ô³çè÷í³, ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷í³ òà ì³êðîá³îëîã³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³. Äîâãîòðèâàëå âíåñåííÿ ì³íäîáðèâ â ÿêîñò³ ïîæèâíèõ ðå÷îâèí ïðèçâîäèòü äî ïîã³ðøåííÿ ðîäþ÷îñò³ ´ðóíòó òà çì³í ¿õ ñòðóêòóðè. Íà â³äì³íó â³ä ñèíòåòè÷íèõ äîáðèâ, îðãàí³÷í³ ïðàöþþòü íà îçäîðîâëåííÿ ³ â³äíîâëåííÿ âèñíàæåíèõ çåìåëü, ùî ïðèçâîäèòü äî ïîêðàùåííÿ óìîâ äëÿ ðîñòó ðîñëèí. Íàéá³ëüøîþ ïåðåâàãîþ îðãàí³÷íèõ óäîáðþâàëüíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â º ïîçèòèâíèé ïðèðîäíèé âïëèâ íà ÿê³ñí³ ïîêàçíèêè ´ðóíòó, îñê³ëüêè âíåñåííÿ îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí ï³äâèùóº çäàòí³ñòü ´ðóíòó äî óòðèìàííÿ âîëîãè, ñïðèÿº â³äíîâëåííþ êîëîí³é àãðîíîì³÷íî êîðèñíèõ ì³êðîîðãàí³çì³â òà äîäຠîñíîâí³ ïîæèâí³ åëåìåíòè (N, P2O5 ³ K2O) ó ñïðèÿòëèâ³é äëÿ ðîñëèí ôîðì³. Äëÿ óðàæåíèé â³éñüêîâèìè ä³ÿìè ´ðóíò³â íàé䳺â³øèìè äîáðèâàìè º îðãàí³÷í³, ÿê³ çäàòí³ çâ’ÿçóâàòè âàæê³ ìåòàëè ç óòâîðåííÿì ìàëîðóõîìèõ êîìïëåêñ³â, ñïðèÿþòü â³äíîâëåííþ ì³êðîá³îòè òà ãóìóñîâîãî øàðó ï³ñëÿ âîãíåâèõ óðàæåíü.  ñâîþ ÷åðãó, ì³êðîîðãàí³çìè ´ðóíòó áåðóòü ó÷àñòü ó òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ òà óòðèìàíí³ ä³îêñèäó êàðáîíó òà îêñèäó í³òðîãåíó, ùî íå ò³ëüêè ïîïåðåäæຠâèêèäè ïàðíèêîâèõ ãàç³â, àëå é çàáåçïå÷óº ïîãëèíàííÿ êàðáîíó ç àòìîñôåðè òà íàêîïè÷åííÿ ³ óòðèìàííÿ éîãî òà í³òðîãåíó ó ´ðóíò³, ñïðèÿþ÷è ïîì’ÿêøåííþ íàñë³äê³â çì³íè êë³ìàòó. Êð³ì òîãî, âèêîðèñòàííÿ îðãàí³÷íèõ äîáðèâ ç ïðèðîäíèõ â³äíîâëþâàëüíèõ äæåðåë (ðîñëèíè, ïîá³÷í³ ïðîäóêòè òâàðèííîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ, ì³íåðàëè) ñòâîðþº óìîâè ðîçâèòêó îðãàí³÷íîãî çåìëåðîáñòâà ç îòðèìàííÿì á³ëüø êîðèñíèõ äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ ïðîäóêò³â.
Âèñíîâêè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî çà âñ³ìà îçíàêàìè îðãàí³÷í³ óäîáðþâàëüí³ ìàòåð³àëè º á³ëüø ïðèéíÿòíèìè äëÿ çàâäàíü â³äíîâëåííÿ ïîðóøåíèõ ´ðóíò³â ³ ó ïåðñïåêòèâ³ ïîâèíí³ çàì³íèòè òðàäèö³éí³ ì³íåðàëüí³ (ñèíòåòè÷í³) äîáðèâà òà çàõèñòèòè äîâê³ëëÿ. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ îðãàí³÷íèõ ³ îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíèõ äîáðèâ òà ñóì³øåé ïîêðàùåííÿ ´ðóíòó ï³äå íà êîðèñòü ÿê íàâêîëèøíüîìó ñåðåäîâèùó, òàê ³ ñ³ëüñüêîìó ãîñïîäàðñòâó, îñê³ëüêè ïîêðàùåííÿ ÿêîñò³ ´ðóíòó ñïðèÿòèìå ïîêðàùåííþ óìîâ äëÿ ðîñòó ðîñëèí òà ïîæèâí³é ö³ííîñò³ ñ³ëüãîñïêóëüòóð, ï³äâèùåííþ âðîæàéíîñò³ íà äîâãîòðèâàë³é ïîñò³éí³é îñíîâ³ òà çíèæåííþ âèòðàò âèðîáíèê³â.

¥ðóíò, ðîäþ÷³ñòü, â³äíîâëåííÿ, îðãàí³÷í³ òà ì³íåðàëüí³ äîáðèâà, ïîæèâí³ ðå÷îâèíè, âïëèâ íà ÿê³ñòü, êîðèñíà ä³ÿ.

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Êàêóðà ².Â., Ñòàíêåâè÷ Â.Â., Êîñòåíêî À.²., Ôåäîðèøèíà Î.Ì. Ïåðåâàãè âèêîðèñòàííÿ îðãàí³÷íèõ äîáðèâ äëÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ ðîäþ÷îñò³ ïîðóøåíèõ â³éíîþ ´ðóíò³â. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Ê., 2024. Âèï. 74. Ñ. 39-48.