In experiment on laboratory outbread male rats by a method of transmission electron micros-copy of a liver it is established, that at action of small doses of ethanol (15% ethanol solution as a single source of drinking during 30 days) hepatocytes’s cytoplasm contained small amounts of disin-tegrated mitochondria and hypertrophic Golgi apparatus, lipoprotein drops, glycogen granules, au-tophagolysosomes and a considerable amount of peroxisomes, glyoxysomes. Cytoplasm of endotheli-al cells and Kupffer cells was thinned, was in a state of desquamation, and in some places was formed masses of precipitates and coagulates. Expanded bile capillaries are in places where intercel-lular contacts between direct lateral plasma membranes were preserved. It was observed part of hepatocellular nuclei, which showed morphological features of apoptosis in a disorganized nucleolus, condensed nuclear chromatin, and blebbing. Besides, liver tissues showed tissue sites and cells anal-ogous to the same in the control group, and the presence of a more considerable amount of lipopro-tein drops with light electronic density, peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, mitochondria, endoplasmatic re-ticulum channels, ribosomes, polysomes. The obtained results allow to conclude, that near detected insignificant signs of degradation of liver cells are observed mitochondria, peroxisomes and other related organelles whose functions are preserved, indicating that their participation in compensatory processes intended to preserve substrate and energy homeostasis of hepatocytes.