| Hygiene of populated places | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Issue 75, 2025 - Pages: 34-47
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS WATER DISINFECTION WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE
A.V. Mokienko1
1 National University "Ostroh Academy"
ÓÄÊ: 546.134:628.16
SUMMÀRY:
The purpose of the work. Analysis of chemical and microbiological aspects of water disinfection with chlorine dioxide.
Materials and methods of research. Âibliometric, analytical. A generalization and analysis of literature data on the chemical and microbiological aspects of the study of chlorine dioxide as a means of water disinfection was carried out.
Research results and their discussion. The unanimous opinion of leading researchers of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant is formulated: despite the use of ultra-modern research methods and the exponential growth of publications, chlorine dioxide is the least studied reagent. A detailed analysis of the fundamental chemical and biological paradigm regarding the formation and participation of free active chlorine as a secondary oxidant during disinfection with chlorine dioxide is presented: chlorine dioxide is mainly responsible for membrane damage, due to which the formed free active chlorine as a secondary oxidant causes damage to the cytoplasm. It is shown that chlorine dioxide has different mechanisms of inactivation of different types of microorganisms, taking into account their different structural morphology, cellular composition, volume and resistance. For bacteria and fungi, the lethal target of chlorine dioxide is the destruction of the structure of the cell membrane, changes in the permeability of intracellular substances, damage to lipid peroxidation and genetic material. The lethal purpose of chlorine dioxide for viruses is the destruction of the viral capsid protein and the defragmentation of RNA or DNA. It was found that the levels of inactivation of protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst, Nagleria gruberi cyst) by chlorine dioxide and ozone are almost identical. It was shown that the main mechanism of inactivation of bacterial spores by chlorine dioxide is damage to the inner membrane of the spore. It was found that the algicidal effect of chlorine dioxide is due to the effect on both the structures of the protective coating of the cell and on intracellular components. The results of studies on the effect of chlorine dioxide and chlorite (as a by-product) on biofilms are summarized. The need to ensure a residual concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water from water distribution systems is justified.
Conclusion. The unanimity of opinions of various authors on the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of inactivation of pathogens and toxins by chlorine dioxide is recognized as fair.
Materials and methods of research. Âibliometric, analytical. A generalization and analysis of literature data on the chemical and microbiological aspects of the study of chlorine dioxide as a means of water disinfection was carried out.
Research results and their discussion. The unanimous opinion of leading researchers of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant is formulated: despite the use of ultra-modern research methods and the exponential growth of publications, chlorine dioxide is the least studied reagent. A detailed analysis of the fundamental chemical and biological paradigm regarding the formation and participation of free active chlorine as a secondary oxidant during disinfection with chlorine dioxide is presented: chlorine dioxide is mainly responsible for membrane damage, due to which the formed free active chlorine as a secondary oxidant causes damage to the cytoplasm. It is shown that chlorine dioxide has different mechanisms of inactivation of different types of microorganisms, taking into account their different structural morphology, cellular composition, volume and resistance. For bacteria and fungi, the lethal target of chlorine dioxide is the destruction of the structure of the cell membrane, changes in the permeability of intracellular substances, damage to lipid peroxidation and genetic material. The lethal purpose of chlorine dioxide for viruses is the destruction of the viral capsid protein and the defragmentation of RNA or DNA. It was found that the levels of inactivation of protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst, Nagleria gruberi cyst) by chlorine dioxide and ozone are almost identical. It was shown that the main mechanism of inactivation of bacterial spores by chlorine dioxide is damage to the inner membrane of the spore. It was found that the algicidal effect of chlorine dioxide is due to the effect on both the structures of the protective coating of the cell and on intracellular components. The results of studies on the effect of chlorine dioxide and chlorite (as a by-product) on biofilms are summarized. The need to ensure a residual concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water from water distribution systems is justified.
Conclusion. The unanimity of opinions of various authors on the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of inactivation of pathogens and toxins by chlorine dioxide is recognized as fair.
KEYWORDS:
Chlorine dioxide, water, chemical reactions, inactivation, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, spores, fungi, microalgae, biofilms.
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FOR CITATION:
Mokienko AV. [Chemical and microbiological aspects water disinfection with chlorine dioxide]. Hygiene of Populated Places. 2025;75:34-47. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2025.75.034