| Hygiene of populated places | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Issue 72, 2022 - Pages: 107-116
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF FOOD PRODUCTS BY THE CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC MICRO ELEMENTS
N.M. Onul1, E.M. Biletska1, S.I. Valchuk2, H.M. Yuntunen3, I.V. Pîkhmurko2, T.M. Bielska2
1 DNIPRO STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
2 STATE INSTITUTION "DNIPROPETROVSK REGIONAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE"
3 COMMUNAL ENTERPRISE «DNIPROPETROVSK REGIONAL STATION BLOOD TRANSFUSION»
2 STATE INSTITUTION "DNIPROPETROVSK REGIONAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE"
3 COMMUNAL ENTERPRISE «DNIPROPETROVSK REGIONAL STATION BLOOD TRANSFUSION»
ÓÄÊ: 613.26/.29:577.118:612.04.46
SUMMÀRY:
Objective. Hygienic analysis of toxicological safety and trace element adequacy of food products of the Dnipropetrovsk region in time dynamics.
Materials and methods. The determination of the content of heavy metals: mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc using physicochemical research methods in the main groups of food products of the Dnipropetrovsk region and their analysis for the period 2017-2021 was carried out.
Results. It was established that regional food products of the industrially polluted Dnipropetrovsk region contain such toxic metals as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic in concentrations whose average values correspond to domestic and international standards and are mostly identical to similar data in other regions of Ukraine and the world. However, the maximum values of lead content in certain food groups exceed current regulations. The content of other xenobiotics - mercury and arsenic - was determined at a level below the sensitivity of the detection methods. Food products contain the essential trace element zinc in concentrations that mostly correspond to the biological level or were at its lower limit, while the copper content is at the lower limit of biological values or 2-2.5 times lower. Taking into account that the content of the above-mentioned microelements during culinary processing of products decreases by 26-42%, it is possible to predict their deficiency in the nutrition of population of the region, especially for copper. In the dynamics of the 5-year research period, concentrations of essential and toxic trace elements are characterized by relative stability in grain and leguminous products, milk and dairy products, with the exception of a 1.5-fold decrease (p<0.05) in zinc content with a gradual increase in lead and cadmium concentrations in meat and meat products, vegetables, fruits and berries by 1.2-1.7 times (p<0 .05 - p<0.01). At the same time, a comparison of the results of the 2017-2021 study with the previous 10-year period revealed a significant increase in average lead concentrations by 1.5-2.8 times in all groups of food products, cadmium by 1.7 times in meat products and multidirectional dynamics of concentrations of essential trace elements.
Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the urgency of the problem of ensuring the quality and safety of food products, the need for further improvement of legislation in the field of food production and sale, its harmonization with international standards, the implementation of measures to improve the quality and safety of food products and the improvement of methods of their control at all levels. The data we received and their analysis justify the expediency of further systematic control and hygienic assessment of contamination and trace element adequacy of food products of industrial areas, their impact on the body through the development and implementation of preventive measures to preserve the health of the population.
Materials and methods. The determination of the content of heavy metals: mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc using physicochemical research methods in the main groups of food products of the Dnipropetrovsk region and their analysis for the period 2017-2021 was carried out.
Results. It was established that regional food products of the industrially polluted Dnipropetrovsk region contain such toxic metals as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic in concentrations whose average values correspond to domestic and international standards and are mostly identical to similar data in other regions of Ukraine and the world. However, the maximum values of lead content in certain food groups exceed current regulations. The content of other xenobiotics - mercury and arsenic - was determined at a level below the sensitivity of the detection methods. Food products contain the essential trace element zinc in concentrations that mostly correspond to the biological level or were at its lower limit, while the copper content is at the lower limit of biological values or 2-2.5 times lower. Taking into account that the content of the above-mentioned microelements during culinary processing of products decreases by 26-42%, it is possible to predict their deficiency in the nutrition of population of the region, especially for copper. In the dynamics of the 5-year research period, concentrations of essential and toxic trace elements are characterized by relative stability in grain and leguminous products, milk and dairy products, with the exception of a 1.5-fold decrease (p<0.05) in zinc content with a gradual increase in lead and cadmium concentrations in meat and meat products, vegetables, fruits and berries by 1.2-1.7 times (p<0 .05 - p<0.01). At the same time, a comparison of the results of the 2017-2021 study with the previous 10-year period revealed a significant increase in average lead concentrations by 1.5-2.8 times in all groups of food products, cadmium by 1.7 times in meat products and multidirectional dynamics of concentrations of essential trace elements.
Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the urgency of the problem of ensuring the quality and safety of food products, the need for further improvement of legislation in the field of food production and sale, its harmonization with international standards, the implementation of measures to improve the quality and safety of food products and the improvement of methods of their control at all levels. The data we received and their analysis justify the expediency of further systematic control and hygienic assessment of contamination and trace element adequacy of food products of industrial areas, their impact on the body through the development and implementation of preventive measures to preserve the health of the population.
KEYWORDS:
Heavy metals, food products, trace elements, content, pollution.
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FOR CITATION:
Onul NM, Biletska EM, Valchuk SI, Yuntunen HM, Pîkhmurko IV, Bielska TM. Hygienic assessment of the quality of food products by the content of essential and toxic micro elements. Hygiene of populated places. 2022;72:107-116. Ukrainian.