Hygiene of populated placesISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X
Issue 69, 2019   -   Pages: 154-164
MODERN WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RADON ACTION PLANS (REVIEW)
N. Aksionov1, M. Fryziuk1, T. Pavlenko1
1 STATE INSTITUTION “O.M. MARZIEIEV INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH” NAMSU

ÓÄÊ: 614.876:613.55:546.296
https://doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2019.69.154

SUMMÀRY:
The review of the state of national radon policies, strategies and national action plans for ra-don in the EU countries as well as in a significant number of countries outside the EU is presented in this article.
A reduction of lung cancer risk caused by exposure to radon due to a decrease of indoor ra-don concentration is a long-term objective of the national action plans. National radon action plans should be based on the information on radon levels (measurements of indoor concentrations, survey of the population on the level of awareness, economic analysis) and cooperation at national, regional and local levels.
The development of the national radon action plan is a multidisciplinary issue which includes the development of regulatory framework, communication with interested parties, development of na-tional measurement protocols, carrying out of the national radon measurements, development of the requirements relating to radon in building norms, and development of measures for reduction of ra-don levels in existing or new buildings that are relevant to the customs and practices for the construc-tion of buildings in the state.
Radon action plans have been developed and implemented in developed countries such as USA, Canada, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Czech Republic. In some countries, radon related ac-tivities involve only the measurements of indoor radon, radon in soil or in water for scientific purpos-es. In the most countries, the reference levels or limits for indoor radon concentration for existing and new buildings have been established, the national radon database has been done as well.
Analysis of the experience of the development of the approaches to the control of radon expo-sure of the population will help other countries to develop and to implement the national radon action plans.

KEYWORDS:
radon, radon action plan, national radon policy and strategies.

REFERENCES:
1. Darby S., Hill D., Auvinen A. et al. British Journal of Medicine. 2005 ; 330 : 223. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38308.477650.63
2. Krewski D., Lubin J.H., Zielinski J.M. et al. Epidemiology. 2005 ; 16 (2) : 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000152522.80261.e3
3. Lubin J.H., Wang Z.Y., Boice J.D. Jr. et al. International Journal of Cancer. 2004 ; 109 : 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11683
4. Zeeb H. and Shannoun F. (eds.). WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: a Public Health Perspective. WHO; 2009 : 94 p.
5. ICRP Publication 115. Lung Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon. Annals of the ICRP. 2010 ; 40 (1) : 64 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2011.08.011
6. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation : Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes / United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR 2017). New York : UN; 2018 : 184 p.
7. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources : International Basic Safety Standards. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR. Part 3 (Interim). Vienna : IAEA; 2011 : 303 p.
8. Basic Safety Standards (2013). Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 Laying Down Basic Safety Standards for Protection against the Dangers Arising from Exposure to Ionising Radiation, and Repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom. Official Journal of the European Union. 2014 ; 57; L13: 73 p.
9. ICRP Publication 126. Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure. Annals of the ICRP. 2014 ; 43 (3) : 73 p. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645314542212
10. Protection of the Public against Exposure Indoors due to Radon and Other Natural Sources of Radiation: IAEA Specific Safety Guide No. SSG-32. Vienna : IAEA; 2015 : 90 p.
11. US EPA. Protecting People and Families from Radon: A Federal Action Plan for Saving Lives, 2011. EPA 402/R-11/009. URL : https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/Federal_Radon_Action_Plan.pdf
12. Hahn E.J., Gokun Y., Andrews W.M. Jr. et al. Radon Potential, Geologic Formations, and Lung Cancer Risk. 2015. (Date of Access : 13.06.2019). URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26844090
13. Federal Radon Action Plan (FRAP). (Date of Access : 13.06.2019). URL : https://www.epa.gov/radon/federal-radon-action-plan-frap
15. Action Plan to Identify and Remedy Irish Houses with Radon Concentrations above the National Reference Level, 2006. (Date of Access : 03.06.2019). URL : https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/radiation/ RPII_Rad_Action_Plan_06.pdf
18. Radon National Action Plan: Report of an International Workshop, 2015. (Date of Access : 18.07.2019). URL : https://www.dsa.no/publication/straalevernrapport-2015-5-radon-national-action-plan.pdf
20. Voutilainen A. and Mäkeläinen I. Indoor Radon Mapping in Finland. In : Radon in the Living Environment1(9-23 April 1999, Athens, Greece). 1999. P. 513-524. (Date of Access : 12.08.2019). URL : http://www.inive.org/members_area/medias/pdf/Inive%5CRadon1999%5C058.pdf
21. Bochicchio F., Hulka J., Ringer W. et al. National radon programmes and policies: the RADPAR recommendations. (Date of Access : 12.08.2019). URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748489
22. Radon action plan for the sustainable reduction of radon exposure. (Date of Access : 14.08.2019). URL : https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/radonmassnahmenplan_en_bf.pdf
23. Synnott H. and Fenton D. (eds.). ERRICCA 2. European Radon Research and Industry Collaboration Concerted Action. European Commission Contract No: FIRI-CT-2001-20142: An Evaluation of Radon, Reference Levels and Radon, Measurement Techniques and Protocols in European Countries. RPII. 2005: 32 p.
24. Synnott H., Fenton D. (eds.). ERRICCA 2. European Radon Research and Industry Collaboration Concerted Action. European Commission Contract ¹: FIRI-CT-2001-20142: An Evaluation of Radon Mapping Techniques in Europe. RPII. 2005 : 27 p.
25. Karadeniz O. and Akal C. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2014 ; 302 (1) : 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3216-9
26. Axelsson G., Andersson E.M. and Barregard L. Cancer Causes Control. 2015 ; 26(4) : 541-547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0531-6
27. Cinelli G., Tondeur F. and Dehandschutter B. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2011 ; 62(4) : 809-819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0568-5
28. IAEA-TECDOC-1810. Status of Radon Related Activities in Member States Participating in Technical Cooperation Projects in Europe : Technical Report. IAEA TECDOC Series. Vienna : IAEA; 2017 : 184 p.
30. Natsionalen plan za deystvie za namalyavane riska ot oblachvane ot radon 2018 [National Action Plan to Reduce the Risk of Radon Exposure]. (Date of Access : 15.08.2019). URL : https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad= rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwinudKErYXmAhVFxIsKHW6FDhUQFjAAegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategy.bg%2FFileHandler.ashx%3FfileId%3D17628&usg=AOvVaw3q9KfpSye_BFj7_eScESrn

FOR CITATION:
Aksionov N., Fryziuk M., Pavlenko T. Svitovyi dosvid zaprovadzhennia planiv dii shchodo zakhystu vid radonu (ohliad) [Modern world experience in the implementation of radon action plans (review)]. In : Hihiiena naselenykh mists : zb. nauk. pr. [Hygiene of Populated Places]. Kyiv ; 2019 ; 69 : 154-164 (in Ukrainian).