| Hygiene of populated places | ISSN: 2707-0441 eISSN: 2707-045X |
Issue 70, 2020 - Pages: 65-70
ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONING OF ENTERPRISES-ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH THE USE OF THERMAL METHODS
N.M. Koval1
1 STATE INSTITUTION “O.M. MARZIEIEV INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH” NAMSU
ÓÄÊ: 614.7:628.474.3:628.475
SUMMÀRY:
Objective. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of the conditions of safe operation of enterprises using equipment for thermal disposal / waste disposal.
Materials and methods. The objects of research were enterprises where waste is subjected to thermal disposal/utilization (location of production facilities – Odessa and Dnipropetrovsk regions). To conduct a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the levels of impact created at the border of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of production, the results of instrumental studies of air samples, acoustic measurements, and the results of calculating the scattering of gross pollutant emissions from their emission sources were analyzed. form the total gross emission at the industrial site (research protocols were provided by certified laboratories), as well as regulatory and technical documentation, according to which the company operates.
Results. The main processes that determine the hazard class of enterprises are thermal, namely: disposal of hazardous waste at the installation for thermal disposal (utilizer) type UT3000D and processing (utilization) of rubber products by pyrolysis at the unit UE GTV MTD-5/24. The utilizer includes a combustion chamber of exhaust gases at a temperature up to 1300˚C and is equipped with a two-stage system for their purification. Shredded rubber-containing waste is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 450°C without access of oxygen with the formation of secondary waste (carbon residue, metal cord residues, gas fraction, which is burned in the main chamber, furnace fuel), which are transferred to consumers on contractual terms. As in the classification of productions [2] such enterprises are absent, SPZ for the enterprise with the utilizer UT3000D is defined in the size of 500 m by analogy with garbage incineration, for the enterprise where pyrolysis is applied - SPZ is established at the size of 110 m (on the border of the nearest inhabited building). According to the results of field research, no exceedances of the normative indicators were detected for any pollutant at the border of the SPZ.
Conclusions. The conditions for the operation of enterprises are not exceeding the hygienic regulations of the permissible content of chemicals in the air of settlements [3] and ensuring the regulatory level of acoustic impact at the SPZ in accordance with the requirements [2,4], compliance with technological regulations on waste management, safety rules and use of overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment when working with hazardous waste, as well as determining the hazard class of secondary waste generated in the process of thermal disposal / utilization.
Materials and methods. The objects of research were enterprises where waste is subjected to thermal disposal/utilization (location of production facilities – Odessa and Dnipropetrovsk regions). To conduct a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the levels of impact created at the border of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of production, the results of instrumental studies of air samples, acoustic measurements, and the results of calculating the scattering of gross pollutant emissions from their emission sources were analyzed. form the total gross emission at the industrial site (research protocols were provided by certified laboratories), as well as regulatory and technical documentation, according to which the company operates.
Results. The main processes that determine the hazard class of enterprises are thermal, namely: disposal of hazardous waste at the installation for thermal disposal (utilizer) type UT3000D and processing (utilization) of rubber products by pyrolysis at the unit UE GTV MTD-5/24. The utilizer includes a combustion chamber of exhaust gases at a temperature up to 1300˚C and is equipped with a two-stage system for their purification. Shredded rubber-containing waste is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 450°C without access of oxygen with the formation of secondary waste (carbon residue, metal cord residues, gas fraction, which is burned in the main chamber, furnace fuel), which are transferred to consumers on contractual terms. As in the classification of productions [2] such enterprises are absent, SPZ for the enterprise with the utilizer UT3000D is defined in the size of 500 m by analogy with garbage incineration, for the enterprise where pyrolysis is applied - SPZ is established at the size of 110 m (on the border of the nearest inhabited building). According to the results of field research, no exceedances of the normative indicators were detected for any pollutant at the border of the SPZ.
Conclusions. The conditions for the operation of enterprises are not exceeding the hygienic regulations of the permissible content of chemicals in the air of settlements [3] and ensuring the regulatory level of acoustic impact at the SPZ in accordance with the requirements [2,4], compliance with technological regulations on waste management, safety rules and use of overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment when working with hazardous waste, as well as determining the hazard class of secondary waste generated in the process of thermal disposal / utilization.
KEYWORDS:
waste management facilities, waste management operations, thermal disposal of waste, recycler, pyrolysis.
REFERENCES:
1. Berezyuk S.V. Suchasnyi stan ta problemy povodzhennia z pobutovymy v³dkhodamy v Ukrain³ [Current State and Problems of Household Waste Management in Ukraine]. Sovremennye problemy obespecheniya natsionalnoy, energeticheskoy i ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti [Modern Problems of Ensuring National, Energy and Economic Security]. V³nnytskyi nats³onalnyi ahrarnyi un³versytet. 20 p. (in Ukrainian). URL : https://www.sworld.com.ua/simpoz4/15.pdf
2. Derzhavni sanitarni pravyla planuvannia ta zabudovy naselenykh punktiv, zatverdzheni Nakazom MOZU vid 19.06.1996 r. ¹173 [State Sanitary Regulations for Planning and Development of Settlements Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, 19.06.1996 ¹173]. In : Zb. vazhlyvykh ofitsiinykh materialiv z sanitarnykh i protyepidemichnykh pytan [Coll. of the Important Official Materials on Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Issues]. Kyiv ; 1996 ; 5(1) : 6-93 (in Ukrainian).
3. Hihiienichni rehlamenty dopustymoho vmistu khimichnykh i biolohichnykh rechovyn v atmosfernomu povitri naselenykh mists, zatverdzhenykh nakazom MOZ vid 14.01.2020 r. ¹52. [Hygienic Regulations for the Permissible Content of Chemicals and Biological Substances in the Air of Populated Areas : Approved by the MPHU, January 14, 2020 No 52]. (in Ukrainian). URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0156-20
4. Derzhavni sanitarni normy dopustymykh rivniv shumu v prymishchenniakh zhytlovykh ta hromadskykh budynkiv i na terytorii zhytlovoi zabudovy : DSN ¹463: zatv. MOZ Ukrainy 22 liutoho 2019 roku ¹463 [State Sanitary Norms of Possible Noise Levels in the Premises of Residential and Public Buildings and at the Territory of Housing Estate : SSN ¹463: Approved by the MPHU, February 22, 2019 No 463]. Kyiv ; 2019 : 6 p. (in Ukrainian). URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0281-19
FOR CITATION:
Koval N.M. Ekoloho-hihiienichni aspekty funktsionuvannia pidpryiemstv-subiektiv hospodariuvannia v sferi povodzhennia z vidkhodamy iz zastosuvanniam termichnykh metodiv [Ecological and hygienic aspects of functioning of enterprises-economic entities in the field of waste management with the use of thermal methods]. In : Hihiiena naselenykh mists : zb. nauk. pr. [Hygiene of Populated Places]. Kyiv ; 2021 ; 71 : 65-70 (in Ukrainian).